Domain Names

Domain Names usually have two or more parts separated by dots. Every computer that hosts data on the net has a unique address. The Domain Name System (DNS) is the important part of the Net’s technological communication. The domain name suffix is known as a generic top level domain and it describes the type of organization. For example .aero represents air-transport industry, .gov for US Government organizations, .edu for educational institutions and .com for business organizations and .coop reserved for cooperative organizations. In addition to this 244 National top level domains (NTLD) were created for countries. I will give you some examples here. They are .au for Australia, .uk for United Kingdom and .ca for Canada, etc.

The www and its working

In this post I will explain you what is www. In the modern world, all are using Internet. The World Wide Web is a set of electronic papers (documents) that are linked together such as spider web. These electronic papers (documents) that are stored on computers called servers, located all over the world. The Web has evolved in to a global electronic publishing medium and increasingly a medium for conducting electronic commerce.

The Web consists of:
1. Personal Computer
2. Web browser software to access the Web
3. A connection to an Internet Service Provider (ISP).
4. Servers to host the data
5. Routers and switches to direct the flow of data.

MICRO PROCESSOR

A microprocessor incorporates most or all of the functions of a central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC). The first microprocessors emerged in the early 1970s and were used for electronic calculators using Binary Coded decimal(BCD) arithmetic on 4-bit words. Other embedded uses of 4-and 8-bit microprocessors, such as terminals and printers, various kinds of automation etc, followed rather quickly. Affordable 8-bit microprocessors with 16-bit addressing also led to the first general purpose micro computers in the mid-1970s.

ELECTRONIC DISCRETE VARIABLE AUTOMATIC COMPUTER (EDVAC)

EDVAC was one of the earliest electronic computers. Unlike its predecessor the ENIAC, it was binary rather than decimal, and was a stored programme machine and storage are done in digital format.

EDVAC's addition time was 864 microseconds and its multiplication time was 2900 microseconds (2.9 milliseconds).The computer had almost 6,000 vacuum tubes and 12,000 diodes, and consumed 56 KW of power.

Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator (ENIAC)

ENIAC the first electronic computer was developed by Prof.J.Presper Eckert and John Mauchly from Moore school of Engineering. ENIAC was mainly designed for U.S army during the World War II.

ENIAC had 18,000 vacuum tubes , nearly 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors and 60,000 switches. The weight of ENIAC was 27 tons and it occupied 5,000 square feet space. The speed at which it could perform computation was 300 multiplications per second.

ENIAC was considered as a significant development in the filed of computers mainly because of the increased speed at which it could perform computations.

HOLLERITH’S CARD READING MACHINE

Herman Hollerith a American statistician who developed a mechanical tabulator based on punched cards. He used this machine for calculation and analysis of census data.

During 1880 he became the census officer of U.S.A. He used this machine for calculating U.S census and tabulating them. The machine was a huge success which made Hollerith filed his first patent application for the machine under the title "Art of Compiling Statistics”.

Tabulation of the census is a very huge process and this machine can be useful for countries like India and U.S where the population is very high.

CHARLES BABBAGE ENGINES

In 1882, Charles Babbage invented a machine to perform differential equation called as difference Engine. The basic principle behind this device is “difference between certain value is always constant”.

Analytical engine was a modified calculating machine which was developed on the generalized principle of difference Engine.

The analytical engine which he developed is very similar to the model of present day computer. Hence Charles Babbage is called as Father of Computers .

PASCALINE

PASCALINE is a mechanical calculating device which was developed by Blaise Pascal in the year 1642 AD. It was the first desktop calculating device which was used for addition and subtraction. Pascal’s concept is still used in electric meters and taxi meters. Arithmetic operations can be performed by turning wheels.

WORKING OF PASCALINE’S CALCULATING MACHINE
PASCALINE machine consists of set of toothed wheels or gears with each wheel or gear has numbers from 0 to 9 in it. One full rotation of a wheel is called complete revolution and the next adjacent wheel towards left makes one-tenth of the revolution.