Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator (ENIAC)

ENIAC the first electronic computer was developed by Prof.J.Presper Eckert and John Mauchly from Moore school of Engineering. ENIAC was mainly designed for U.S army during the World War II.

ENIAC had 18,000 vacuum tubes , nearly 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors and 60,000 switches. The weight of ENIAC was 27 tons and it occupied 5,000 square feet space. The speed at which it could perform computation was 300 multiplications per second.

ENIAC was considered as a significant development in the filed of computers mainly because of the increased speed at which it could perform computations.

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History of Personal computers

Personal computers first appeared in the late 1970s. One of the first and most popular personal computers was the Apple II, introduced in 1977 by Apple Computer.

IBM introduced a personal computer (PC) powered by an Intel® 8088 processor in 1981 with the operating system, and all the latest computers that we have today are based on this model. At first, the PC was not much more than a glorified typewriter or calculator and the first and most popular personal computers was the Apple II, introduced in 1977 by Apple Computer

The advancement in the field of technology and constant innovations over the past quarter century have put powerful PCs at the center of daily activities for people worldwide.

HOLLERITH’S CARD READING MACHINE

Herman Hollerith a American statistician who developed a mechanical tabulator based on punched cards. He used this machine for calculation and analysis of census data.

During 1880 he became the census officer of U.S.A. He used this machine for calculating U.S census and tabulating them. The machine was a huge success which made Hollerith filed his first patent application for the machine under the title "Art of Compiling Statistics”.

Tabulation of the census is a very huge process and this machine can be useful for countries like India and U.S where the population is very high.

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CHARLES BABBAGE ENGINES

In 1882, Charles Babbage invented a machine to perform differential equation called as difference Engine. The basic principle behind this device is “difference between certain value is always constant”.

Analytical engine was a modified calculating machine which was developed on the generalized principle of difference Engine.

The analytical engine which he developed is very similar to the model of present day computer. Hence Charles Babbage is called as Father of Computers .

Hearing solutions

The Med El (Medical Electronics) is deeply concerned and finding solution to the hearing impaired persons. The entire credit goes to the founders Profs. Ingeborg and Erwin Hochmair. It was later this institution became a role model by introducing implantable hearing devices throughout the world. After so many years of hard work by these Professors, the first ever multi channel micro electronic Cochlear Implant was made available in 1977. In the same year, a patient has received this Cochlear Implant in the month of December through Surgeon Prof. Kurt Burian. Med El has grown in stature and keeping around 850 employees under its belt. Not binding by International Global economy on financial situation as Med El being a limited Company and so they can concentrate on new product developments and techniques that are providing many hearing loss solutions especially to children and adults. Through its continuous innovations and caring for people’s concern over hearing problems and started to deliver highly technical Cochlear Implants. For children they use CI i.e. Cochlear Implant where they use a miniature computer with electronic hearing which is most useful for deaf children.

The most developed implant system is that combined with electronic medical devices. These devices are most suitable for people suffering acute hearing loss that cannot be cured by hearing aids. Through the process of developing the damaged nerve and connecting it with the hearing implant through a Cochlear Implant Surgery and the patient is assured of good hearing ability.

PASCALINE

PASCALINE is a mechanical calculating device which was developed by Blaise Pascal in the year 1642 AD. It was the first desktop calculating device which was used for addition and subtraction. Pascal’s concept is still used in electric meters and taxi meters. Arithmetic operations can be performed by turning wheels.

WORKING OF PASCALINE’S CALCULATING MACHINE
PASCALINE machine consists of set of toothed wheels or gears with each wheel or gear has numbers from 0 to 9 in it. One full rotation of a wheel is called complete revolution and the next adjacent wheel towards left makes one-tenth of the revolution.

Attractive mobile phones

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Nikon D90 slr cameras is considered to be the most expensive camera. The slr nikon D90 is the latest that replaces the D80 model. The D80 was easily the most higher – enter level to moderate range cameras produced by Nikon. The D90 type which is provided with 12.3 mega pixel CMOS sensor from its previous 10.2 mp CCD sensor of D80 model is very attractive. The sensor range is constant. These cameras are accompanied with 18 to 55 mm lens and DX 18 to 105 mm VR Zoom level giving full purpose for larger angle and telescopic view. The shape and size of this slr digital camera is bigger than D60 and also heavier than D80. As truly expected the buttons are sturdy as found in any Nikon product. The screen size is 3 inches which is very exciting. If you are interested in buying a camera, first have look on the site consumer mate, you can easily compare the prices of various models and decide which one suits you well.

Abacus Evolution of Computers

1) ABACUS

Abacus is a calculating device invented by the Chinese 3000 years ago. This device is mainly used to perform simple arithmetic operations. Abacus had movable beads fixed on the wires and this was used for arithmetic calculations especially for finding value notation. The digits are represented by beads of counters.

REPRESENTATION OF DECIMAL SYSTEM

In Abacus beads was used for representation of decimal system. The beads on the rightmost wire represent ones, the next neighboring wire represents tens and the next neighboring wire represents hundreds.

Arithmetic calculations such as addition or subtraction can be performed by moving the beads sideways. Each row represents a value and in the same way, each position of the bead also represents a value.